Medieval Medicine Essays

Medieval Medicine Essays Medieval Medicine Essay Medieval Medicine Essay When we hear the word medication, doesnt that suggest it is a solution for fix an ailment or malady? Medication is utilized to reestablish our confidence, trust, and in particular, our lives. For a long time, medication has been known to fix numerous individuals including the individuals who had scarcely an ounce of life left. Be that as it may, as the Middle Ages advanced, medieval medication got famous among individuals despite the fact that it was murdering them as opposed to recuperating them. One model is the Black Death. As this horrendous ailment was spreading quickly in Central Asia and Europe during the 1320s, a great many individuals were kicking the bucket and needed assistance. A few acts of medieval medication were Phlebotomy, or phlebotomy; which comprised of siphoning, measuring, and phlebotomy. (Livingston) Although patients frequently kicked the bucket on account of contaminations, the loss of cognizance, and cutting of courses, which caused relentless dying, numerous doctors accepted this was a technique for medical procedure. In siphoning, the doctor would join an annelid worm to the affected region and permit the bloodsucker to carry out its responsibility. With the measuring technique, when the cup was warmed hot enough, it acted like a vacuum and sucked the blood up through the skin. For phlebotomy, it was the immediate opening of a vein, for the most part within the arm, for the depleting of a generous amount of blood. (Livingston) The procedure of phlebotomy was from a thought that blood was to be drawn from a particular vein so it would influence a specific organ. As recently referenced the premise of most clinical information at the opportunity arrived from Galens Theory of the Four Humors. The hypothesis was that the body contained 4 significant components. These were Blood, Black Bile, Yellow Bile and Phlegm. It was gotten that on the off chance that these were not in impeccable equalization, at that point the body would endure and the patient would be sick, prompting one of the four conditions which were as a rule Melancholy, Phlegmatic, Choleric or Sanguine. 4 To reestablish the patient to full wellbeing it was comprehended that these four components should have been rebalanced. This for the most part happened by cleansing of the patient, all the more generally known as Bloodletting. This should be possible in three different ways. Opening of a vein, which frequently lead to the patient seeping to death; Cupping, which was simply puncturing the skin and gathering a limited quantity of blood in a cup; or the utilization of Leeches. The expression Leech was Anglo-Saxon for healer. 5 A patient could likewise be cleansed through the utilization of regular intestinal medicines. 6 Medical information at first grew diversely all through the world. The Arabs were pioneers at the time in medications and natural cures. They clung to the lessons of Galen and Hippocrates, but on the other hand were notorious for being front sprinters in the testing of new drugs. This was to a great extent a direct result of the way that the Koran instructed Muslims to deal with their kindred sick man, yet precluded dismemberment, so the Arabs could just truly progress in the field of medication. Simultaneously the Indians and Chinese were quickly getting scandalous for their propelled Surgery methods. By 1300 the Indians had built up a type of Skin join called the Indian Graft which is as yet being used of today. Simultaneously the Chinese had created propelled types of needle therapy to help lighten torment. By around 1400 because of exchange courses extending from the far east right to Europe, prescriptions and clinical methodology were getting unified because of the developing simplicity at which information was being spread. Doctors of the time were instructed in the developing number of Universities spread across Europe. Basically the Universities were focussed in Northern Italy and Southern Spain yet there were 2 Universities in England, one in Oxford and one in Cambridge. In spite of they were still not very many and far between and qualified doctors were exceptionally uncommon products. As a result of this they charged enormous expenses and were commonly just available to the higher classes. 10 During a doctors preparing, he could never really come into direct contact with a patient. All they would learn would be crafted by Galen and how to regard a patients instead of understanding the idea of the patients affliction. There were a few exemptions to this, for example, the clinical school in Bologna, which got scandalous for the way that it had practical experience in hands on educating of medical procedure. 11 The normal ordinary person just approached clinical information through two unique courses. Right off the bat there was the Barber Surgeon, who might show up in a town each market day. He would have the option to perform fundamental errands, for example, the pulling of teeth, setting of bones and removals. This would for the most part occur on the road encompassed by watchers and all the foulness that gathered in the road. As you can envision this wasnt an especially perfect procedure, and hair stylist specialists were scandalous for spreading of germs and sickness using contaminated gear. This utilization of filthy gear likewise lead to high quantities of individuals medical procedures getting contaminated. The subsequent choice the ordinary person would have is visit a nearby astute lady. This would regularly be an educated more seasoned woman who had a reasonable handle of different drugs. She could suggest medicines relying upon the affliction as per old books known as Leechdoms; which would have arrangements of prescriptions going back similarly as Anglo Saxon occasions. An issue numerous Wise Women confronted was on the off chance that their meds didn't work, at that point they were available to the allegation of black magic. 12 Medical information at the time was part into three principle fields. These were Medicine, Surgery and Bloodletting. Medication was essentially comprised of Herbs and Animals; anyway there was some utilization of minerals as well, for example, Ash. Most information on medication plans at the time was recorded in old writings, regularly going back similar to Galen. Clearly medication was a consistently improving field, with most headway occurring in the Arabic world as recently referenced. The greater part of the more seasoned cures by and large seemed to have no consistent explanation, yet individuals put stock in them because of the reality they had been recorded and gone on for such a long time. A case of this is John of Arderne, who suggested that somebody who experienced Epilepsy ought to have the scraps of a simmered Cuckoo exploded their nose as a fix. 13 Medical procedure in this period was progressive regarding its development. This was to a great extent down to the way that Western Religion (Catholicism) was against the act of dismemberment. Due to this reality not very many were set up to face the challenge of discovering increasingly about the human body. A case of one individual who had a decent handle of expert medical procedure is an Italian Physician called Mondino Di Luzzi, who turned out to be highly regarded in the realm of Medicine. 14 It wasnt truly until the fifteenth century that medical procedure started to propel all the more quickly as the congregation acknowledged it was basic to permit further examination into the human life structures. Most careful information on the time be that as it may, was gotten in the field of fight. This was because of the high number of supported setbacks that specialists needed to manage. The principle issue encompassing medical procedure at the time was the absence of an effective sedative. This lead to Surgery for the most part being the last type of activity taken against any infirmity. Individuals, for example, John of Arderne tried to create helpful sedatives utilizing such things as opium and heroin, however these infrequently worked and for the most part a patient must be secured or held down while a doctor took a shot at them. As you can envision this lead to a definitely high number of patients dieing from stun. 15 Bloodletting at the time was a most loved methodology of most doctors. This was on the grounds that, and I quote It clears the psyche, fortifies the memory, scrubs the guts, evaporates the mind, warms the marrow, hones the consultation and checks tears.. Advances Digestion, creates a melodic voice, dissipates tiredness, drives away tension, takes care of the bloods, frees it of noxious issues and gives long life.. it fixes torments, fevers and different infections and makes pee understood and clean16 As should be obvious with doctors really accepting the entirety of this, at that point phlebotomy appeared the marvel remedy for practically any sickness. Because of the high utilization of phlebotomy it turned into an exact science and there were many different blood draining focuses everywhere throughout the body. Different diseases related with a specific phlebotomy point. 17 Despite the advances in clinical comprehension there was as yet a genuine confidence in the extraordinary. Religion had a major impact. Numerous individuals saw that a disease was the discipline of God and that no one but God could lift this discipline from the individuals. In the midst of serious disease, for example, the plague strict radicalism was overflowing, with gatherings, for example, the flagellans strolling from town to town whipping themselves and asking absolution from God. 18 Also as a result of the confidence in Illness being the desire of God, numerous strict pioneers considered advances to be the clinical field as blasphemy. The main clinical information the congregation authoritatively perceived was the composition of Galen. They denied whatever else. This at last lead to the congregation obstructing as opposed to helping their kin. 19 Another perspective that had an enormous impact in Medicine was Astrology. It was required some investment as a quickly propelling science. There was a real conviction that the development of the planets influenced someones physical state. It was accepted that you could possibly work on somebody when their planets were in the right arrangement and it was surely difficult to ever work when the moon was related to a people specific star sign. Every single significant doctor would counsel an Astrologist before complete any treatment. 20 Partly, I accept to disperse the fault in the event that everything turned out badly. Odd notion likewise had an impact from multiple points of view at that point, as strange notion stills has an influence these days. In fourteenth Century Europe it was truly accepted that wh

Ethical Concepts in Counselling

Moral Concepts in Counseling Morals relates to convictions we hold about what comprises right direct. They are good standards received by an individual or gathering to give rules to right direct and speak to optimistic objectives or the most extreme gauges which are set and upheld by proficient affiliations. The American Counseling Associations (2005) Code of Ethics expresses that when advisors experience a moral quandary they are required to deliberately consider a moral dynamic procedure. While advising a customer, the advocate is given endless difficulties to perceive when and where a particular moral idea, standard and rule may be vital. Moral norms and rules educate our judgment as they help us perceive, thoroughly consider and discover or make way to manage a predicament. The manner in which we react to an issue has a lot to do with our feeling of what is important and right. In this viewpoint, the reaction is viewed as being reasonable and sensible for the customer or maybe is in the client’s wellb eing for proceeded with improvement. At the point when guides work from this profoundly close to home and abstract position, they call upon a feeling of ethical quality. Profound quality is worried about viewpoints of right and appropriate direct and includes an assessment of activities based on some more extensive social setting or strict norm. Profound quality fills in as an establishment to moral practice and dynamic. To choose morally is to initially choose ethically. (Qualities and Ethics in Counseling: Real â€Life Ethical Decision Making, Dana Heller Levit) Qualities relates to convictions and mentalities that give guidance to regular living. Customers moral issues turns into an issue when they pit moral, lawful or authoritative necessities against one another or when the moral codes become quiet on the customers issues. As for these , finding periodic irregularities among assets are inescapable. Accordingly, to choose a favored game-plan from among the clashing rules, guides utilize a dynamic model that permits them to gauge the overall significance of the data got. An organized strategy for data assortment and survey can encourage the moral dynamic procedure. The utilization of this model may assist advocates with avoiding moral offense and to seek after moral goals. The instructor basically should be curious toward the starting period of a moral dynamic procedure. The underlying advance is to distinguish the issue or the predicament based moral, good and lawful measurements by social event all applicable data that lights up the circumstance. At the end of the day, advisors need to acquire an away from of the idea of th e issue through the utilization of compelling guiding aptitudes, for example, reflexive inquiries. The subsequent advance includes a cautious assessment of the most basic issues disconnected from all the data assembled already. Now, endeavors ought to be made to audit the rights, obligations and the government assistance of customers and different partners worried about the situation. This survey stretches out to the point of considering the social parts of the circumstance impacting the customers government assistance. Moreover, the utilization moral standards of self-sufficiency, nonmaleficence, helpfulness, equity and loyalty to address the circumstance is unavoidable here. As to self-rule, the advisor ought to permit customers the option to pick and act as indicated by their inclination. Nonmaleficence is an essential worry that underscores on forgoing activities that may hazard hurting customers. A model would be improperly marking customers with analytic terms that may mean va riation from the norm, which could present genuine outcomes to the government assistance of the customer. Advantage is applied when advisors regard customers pride and advance the government assistance of customers. The standard of equity alludes to being reasonable and nondiscriminatory towards customers. Devotion manages loyalty to guarantees made and to reality. There lies an issue in maintaining loyalty when an advocate works with a minor customer and is committed to be faithful to the customer, while the rule of advantage may proposes that revelation might be best for the entire family. In such conditions, when advisors are left between the clashing standards, they may need to organize certain standards over others as required by the circumstance. The third step is to survey the moral codes that are pertinent to the difficult circumstance. Moral codes brief, manage and educate critical qualities and concerns with respect to moral conduct. Experts looked for the code of morals a nd inspect the specific areas pertinent to the problem to consider in the event that they offer potential arrangements. Now, they likewise consider if their qualities and morals are steady with or are in strife with the important codes. In case of an irregularity with a specific norm, instructors look for administrative direction and explain the issues. After redressing the irregularities, they produce a method of reasoning to help their position and archive their judgment and thinking to legitimize their activities to comprehend the predicament. The importance of the fourth step includes staying up with the latest on the applicable state and government laws that may apply to moral situations. So as to do as such, the instructor should be learned in the pertinent laws and guidelines. Simultaneously, deciphering these legitimate resolutions as per how they may identify with customers issue turns into a principal part of the dynamic procedure. This would be appropriate in issues of pe netrating classification, revealing maltreatment of the defenseless , managing issues that represent a peril to self or others, parental rights and record keeping. It will likewise get the job done to look for direction from proficient bodies concerning equivocal moral or legitimate circumstance. After exhaustive appraisal of all moral, clinical and lawful issues relating to the quandary, guides present their realities of the circumstance and get conference from proficient experts in the fifth step . This is particularly valuable when advisors are pondering a vague moral issue. As a moral issue can be mentally overpowering and genuinely troubling for both the customer and the advocate, target criticism from different solid sources, for example, partners, administrators or between hierarchical bodies can give a more extensive perspective on the issue or even another emphasis on unconsidered realities. Other than counseling experts who share similar perspectives, it might likewise do the trick to look for skill from diverse substances, as required by the idea of the difficulty. With satisfactory data and direction within reach, the advocate is presently at a situation to plan potential answers for the difficulty (Frame Williams, 2005). Basically, the 6th step is tied in with pondering the conceivable and likely explanations of activities. Clearly, it requires a broad investigation process that would permit advocates to spread out the potential strategies, while simultaneously representing the moral commitments of such activities. As guides survey the conceivable outcomes, it might be basic to include customers in the investigation procedure before settling on the most plausible blueprints. This is to guarantee that choices are made to the wellbeing of the customer. As it was done in before steps, recording these conversations and would be useful for guides to legitimize their activities in case of them being addressed. The seventh step involves the past one as it educates the instructor to identify the results of different choices that were taken subsequent to assessing the potential strategies. This includes thinking about the positive and negative outcomes of every alternative while simultaneously gauging the general essentialness of every choice. Customers inclusion matters during this investigation to guarantee that the choices float towards the wellbeing of the customer. To accomplish this the advocate may utilize the five good standards of self-sufficiency, nonmaleficence, advantage, equity and loyalty as a structure to think about the outcomes of a specific game-plan. In the last advance of the model the advocate settles on what has all the earmarks of being the best game-plan. In the wake of creating the most ideal choices and their results, advocates along with customers and other administrative conference, would be select and actualize the most fitting course of activities. Usage of choices is trailed by surveying the fittingness of the results of those choices. The dynamic procedure arrives at the last stage when the guide considers this evaluations and discusses them with customers. In any case, a follow up might be important to decide whether the activities taken are powerful or in the event that they require a change. To wrap things up, it is fundamental to report steps taken to explain alternatives, encourage thinking and maintain a strategic distance from excess endeavors. All the more critically, having a documentation is noteworthy if proof of these endeavors are later mentioned during an examination. In general this moral dynamic structure fills in as a deliberative and innovative methodology that aides guiding experts to satisfy their moral obligations in the midst of a subtle circumstance. It help bewildered advisors to think however a moral quandary and to show up at a morally proper choice. In addition, the system likewise assists with forestalling moral infringement by empowering advisors to recognize the complexities of moral dynamic as a premise on which able, moral and expert guiding c an be drilled. In spite of its helpful angles, the dynamic model does misses the mark in specific territories. In proof, Corey, Corey and Callanan (1998) show this model can't be applied in a computerized or summed up way, as specialists regularly get themselves confron

Exploring Inferential Statistics and Their Discontents Essay

Investigating Inferential Statistics and Their Discontents - Essay Example fers to a straight model applied in measurable examination; it is utilized in testing speculations, factor in gauges, known amounts and different wellsprings of blunders in factual analyses. Hence, GLM matters since it is utilized in evaluating the connection between various indicator factors and a needy variable. Parametric strategies or measurements allude to those techniques that accept typicality of a populace or utilized after estimation by ordinary dispersion following conjuring CLT (focal breaking point hypothesis). Then again, non-parametric strategies allude to general factual procedures that don't make suspicions about typicality of a populace under examination. What's more, these strategies don't rely upon the populace which is being contemplated. Hence, they can likewise be alluded to as dispersion free strategies. Contrasted with parametric strategies, non-parametric techniques are turning out to be increasingly well known on the grounds that analysts or specialists shouldn't be obliged to make suppositions on the populace under examination. Consequently, to analyze the two strategies, we consider an instance of discovering certainty interim on the mean. The two techniques are required for this kind of issue since parametric strategies are esteemed to be more proficient than non-p arametric techniques. Nonetheless, distinction in effectiveness may not be a major issue however we have to settle on a strategy that is progressively productive relying upon the issue being referred to (Sheskin, 2000). It is critical to focus on suspicions of factual tests since various wrong foundation presumptions will result to erroneous determinations about a populace being examined. Consequently, such suppositions must be made with a great deal of care. For instances of ward variable scores that are not typically appropriated, they can be changed and utilize the option measurable of non-parametric strategies so as to make equivalent loads on the factors. P=0.05 in measurements implies the 5% likelihood of acquiring suitable outcomes from guaranteed

Anthropology Essay #2 - 275 Words

Anthropology #2 (Essay Sample) Content: ANTHROPOLOGYName:Institution: IntroductionAnthropology is an interesting area of study where researchers will study the human beings from the past to the present. Through this anthropology discovers many aspects that are relative to social sciences, biological sciences, natural sciences and humanities. In anthropology there are various exciting aspects that pertain to methodology or history in anthropology. One of these aspects of anthropology is comparison and scrutiny. These are going to be the main focus for this discussion. Comparison and scrutiny are two major aspects that go hand in hand.Aspect of AnthropologyFor an anthropological researcher to get the root information about something in the past, the researcher must get information from his or her predecessors. The information acquired is later compared. This comparison is important so as to get the similarities and differences in text. Scrutiny comes in where it is required of the researcher to determine whic h of the information acquired is biased and which is true (Kottak, 2010).Through scrutiny and comparison shows a different perspective in human beings. The terminology of walking in another mans shoes best describes the situation. The ability of a researcher to fit into the perspective of another human being shows the difference in humanity (Robbins Larkin, 2007). Human beings have different perspectives when it comes to things that pertain to life. This does not mean that every thought or perspective of a human being is correct rather on the contrary.Through the comparisons and scrutiny, culture is seen. Through comparing the different aspects of people from different parts of the ...

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1544 Words

Throughout both novels, the reader sees a motif which is that of corruption. Corruption is dishonest or fraudulent conduct. The Great Gatsby is a book about love, corruption and the American dream. We find this through the eyes of the narrator of the story Nick Carraway, who is the cousin of Daisy and a character within the novel. Daisy is married to Tom, and even though Daisy knows that Tom has affairs behind her back she still stays marries to the man. However Jay Gatsby, whom the book is revolved around, was once a part of Daisy’s life before he had to head off to the war. Never the less Gatsby returned and tries his best in order to regain the love of Daisy. However the novel divides Gatsby and Daisy by the social class of ‘old money’†¦show more content†¦Through the dissection of the corruption within both books, the reader finds that Fitzgerald portrays his ideals in many ways during the time of the ‘roaring 20’s’ and it’s moral and social segregation. Never the less the exploration of symbolism. An example of the corruption within the Great Gatsby is when Nick (narrator of the story) tells us â€Å"Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this book, was exempt from my reaction—Gatsby, who represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn†. Nick is telling us that even once he had left East Egg and the troubles of the West Eggers, the one person whom was exempt from his disgust of being corrupted by their social class was Gatsby. This shows the reader that there is more to Gatsby than that which meets the eye and that even though he had all of the money in the world, the one thing that could possibly corrupt him was Daisy, by their love which is ironic as love stands to be the most ironic answer to someone’s downfall. However if we look at that of Enduring Love where it says A little later we were back in our seats, leaning over the table like dedicated craftsmen at work† the reader gets the feeling that to a certain extent Joe and Clarr issa, are not corrupted due to the fact that when comparing ideas and thoughts they believe themselves to be that of middle class workers showing that they are very similar to that of what Gatsby started off to be, a very humble beginnings and

Dr. Harold Shipman free essay sample

Dr. Harold Shipman was born on January 14, 1946 at Nottingham, United Kingdom. He graduated from Leeds University and began working at Pontefract General Infirmary in 1970. But in 1998, Shipman was arrested for the death of Kathleen Grundy and a year later, it was found out that he had killed 15 elderly patients. He was given a life sentence in prison for the murders of these victims. But the horror did not end there. Because in July 2002, further investigations on his case showed that Shipman killed 215 patients. And of this number, 171 were women and 44 were men, with the oldest being a 93-year-old woman and the youngest a 47-year-old man. From then on, Shipman was tagged as â€Å"Dr. Death†. But on January 2004, Shipman was found dead in his prison cell after hanging himself with his bed sheets. There have been several similar cases about professionals abusing their power and taking their responsibilities for granted. And most of the time, it is the unknowing ordinary people who ends up as victims. We will write a custom essay sample on Dr. Harold Shipman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And during such events, the public does not know who to blame for the death of several people. In this case, the relatives of Shipman’s victims are left without peace of mind. Basically because despite the large number of murders charged on Shipman, the killer doctor did not admit that he did all the killings up to his death. The story of Shipman and the huge number of patients he killed prove that there are several sides that should have been held responsible for the crimes. First of course, is Shipman, because he abused his powers to a very high extent. And this practice can be connected to several professionals who do not know the limit of their authority. Some doctors, like Shipman, are overwhelmed by the fact that they have the power to save life and induce death to other people. And this habit is the most vital role that every professional should learn how to control. Secondly, the relatives of the victims should somehow, be responsible for the death of their loved ones as well. They should have been observant about how Shipman treats his patients and asked how his patients ended up when brought to his clinic. If they were able to find out that a series of death has been happening in that place, they could have searched for other hospital that could aid their dying relatives. Lastly, this story shows that there is a lot to blame the government and the police officials. First and foremost, why were they not able to detect that a series of serial killing was happening in Hyde, Greater Manchester? Why did it take them 20 years to see that such dreadful medical malpractice was killing several people? In addition, when Shipman was proven to be addicted to the painkiller pethidine even when he was still in Todmorden, Lancashire, he should have been prevented from creating his own clinic where all these killings happened. It is impossible that he did not request necessary permits for his clinic. During this time, he could have been prevented if the authorities were vigilant enough to check his background and his sanity before they allowed him to build such. If only the authorities were able to check his history as a doctor, Shipman would have been thwarted from doing such crimes. And if the authorities were watchful about the series of deaths in Shipman’s clinic, such abuse of powers and neglect of responsibilities would have not happened. In the end, all people involved in this issue should not spare themselves from blame and guilt because the status of the society dictates that everybody should be accountable to each other. If you have seen that something wrong is happening to your community, then you should report it to proper authorities. The authorities, as what they ought to do, should serve and protect the people in order to avoid same cases from happening again.

Epithelial Tissue Observations Essay Example

Epithelial Tissue Observations Essay Data Table 1 – Epithelial Tissue Observations TISSUE TYPE OBSERVATIONS Simple Squamoussingle layer, flattened cells Simple Cuboidalsingle layered, cube shaped cells Simple Columnar (stomach)single layered, elongated cells Simple Columnar (duodenum)long columns in â€Å"S† shapes Stratified Squamous (keratinized)many layers, top cells flattened Stratified Squamous (non-keratinized)flat long strands with nucleus Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnarcells together in a column structure, single layer, elongated cells Transitionalmany layers of cube shaped and elongated cells We will write a custom essay sample on Epithelial Tissue Observations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Epithelial Tissue Observations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Epithelial Tissue Observations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Stratified Cuboidal (online)2-3 layers, cube shaped cells Stratified Columnar (online)top layer of elongated cells, lower layers of cubed shaped cells Questions A. Why is the study of histology important in the overall understanding of anatomy and physiology?Histology allows us to examine the structure and composition of all our tissues B. How are epithelial tissues named? They are categorized by the size and shapes of their cells C. Why are some epithelial tissues stratified? It’s because the stratified epithelial tissue is multilayered, as opposed to the monolayered simple epithelial tissue. D. Unlike squamous cells, cuboidal and columnar cells have large, open cytoplasm. Which functions of epithelial tissue are supported by having such big cells? The large round cells allow it to slide or move past each other. It also allows the tissue to stretch . Questions A. What is the primary function of connective tissue? It connects the epithelium to the rest of the body. It also provides structure (bone), stores energy (fat), and transports material (blood). B. What can the shape of the cells in a particular type of tissue tell about the function of that tissue? Epithelial tissue comes in different shapes and sizes, for example there is ciliated epithelial tissue, which has cilia that helps it move objects around. This kind of tissue can be found in the respiratory tract, where it sweeps to clean dust and germs trapped in mucus. Other epithelial tissues such as stratified squamous epithelial tissue is found in areas prone to abrasion because its structure is irregular and can prevent cuts and scrapes. C. What is matrix? Why do some tissues have more matrix than others? Matrix is the extracellular fibers and ground substance of a connective tissue. Some tissues have more matrix because the cells fibers are not as tightly packed. D. What do collagen fibers provide? Collagen is strong and flexible and resists force in one direction. It is stronger than steel when pulled. Ligaments and tendons are collagen fibers. E. Tendons, ligaments and cartilage have limited blood supply. Explain how this might affect the ability of these tissues to heal after an injury. If there is limited blood supply it means the nutrients and supplies to heal an injury in this area are not that readily available. 5. Repeat the above steps 2 through 4 for the smooth and cardiac muscle slides. Questions A. What kind of muscle would you find in your stomach? Smooth muscle tissue B. How is smooth muscle structure different from that of skeletal and cardiac muscle? Smooth muscle can contract on their own. Smooth muscle tissue has no striations. C. Why do we say that skeletal muscle is voluntary? Skeletal fiber muscle do not contract unless stimulated by nerves and the nervous system provides voluntary control over their activities. D. What  is unique about cardiac muscle? These muscles are involuntary striated muscle which are only found in the wall of the heart. This is specialized muscle that can contract, cardiac muscle, like other muscles, can contract, but it can also carry an action potential (i.e. conduct electricity) like the neurons that constitute nerves. Furthermore, some of the cells have the ability to generate an action potential, known as cardiac muscle automaticity. Questions A. What is the function of nervous tissue? Nervous tissue conducts electrical impulses. It also rapidly sense internal and external environment . they process information and control responses. B. Why are the cell bodies of neurons elongated into cell processes? Neurons are elongated because they need to transfer a signal from the periphery to the center. C. If all nerves respond to stimuli why cant your eyes hear sound and your ears see light? All that any nerve can do when simulated if fire off electrical impulses. It’s how the brain interprets the impulses that cause us to perceive light or sound. D. How is a nerve different from a neuron? Neurons are specialized for intercellular communication through changes in membrane potential and synaptic connections. Nerves refer to a structure made up of many neurons. Conclusions Explain the purpose of these exercises and why studying histology is important to your understanding of how the human body functions. The purpose of the exercise and studying histology is important to know because it gives us a better understanding of the branch of anatomy concerned with the study of the microscopic structures in our bodies.